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Epigraphica & Sepulcralia 14. Forum of epigraphical and sepulchral studies. Proceedings of the conference Family Necropolises in Bohemia: Possibilities and Methods of Their Research and Presentation, Prague 26-27 October 2022
Chlíbec, Jan ; Hrdinová, M.
The collection of narrowly specialised studies is a product based on the interdisciplinary symposium Family Necropolises in Bohemia: Possibilities and Methods of Their Research and Presentation (Prague 2022) within the research programme Strategy AV21: Anatomy of European Society, this meeting of experts is one of the outcomes of the project Family Necropolises in Bohemia in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times: Regionalism, Inter-Regionalism and Internationalism. Family necropolises and their artistic equipment are important sources of knowledge about the life of noble society in the Late Middle Ages and early modern times. The given theme is examined from various aspects combining the humanities and exact sciences – from the perspectives of history, art history, archaeology, and geological disciplines, as well as a detailed analysis of archival sources. These various approaches produce a manifold image of the studied issue. At the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times new noble necropolises emerged whose artistic aspect – tombstones and epitaphs, sometimes with other funeral elements such as family banners, shields, and armour – mark a significant chapter of Czech art history. The craftsmanship as well as the type of material selected for these works often reflect the period and fashion trends in the field of sepulchral art culture. Furthermore, noble necropolises as a sacral space served as family self-presentation, a place that in addition to the religious function documented profound tradition of the family, its glory, and social status; figural tombstones, if present, may have acted as a portrait gallery of the family.
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Tombstones of the Švamberks of the 15th – early 17th Century from an Art Historical Perspective
Chlíbec, Jan
Only a fragment has remained from the original collection of the Švamberk family tombstones that was still quite large at the beginning of the 18th century. Surprisingly,\neven though the Švamberks were a prominent noble family, the surviving works usually show average or below-average quality which, as far as the 15th century works are concerned, reflect the prevailing condition of sepulchral sculpture in Bohemia of the time. More factors could have been behind opting for an austere form of the tombstone. In addition to the Utraquist criticism of majestic funeral works and the lack of high-quality stonemasons after the Hussite Wars, it could be the general idea of resistance to pride and accentuation of the confirmation of Christian modesty regardless of the buried person’s confession.\n
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Tomb of a known soldier. De-anonymization of war memorials and mass graves as a modernization process
Kessler, Vojtěch ; Michlová, M. ; Šrámek, J.
This article focuses on perceiving the anonymity of fallen soldiers in the mid-19th century war memorials in Bohemia. The researchers working in Central Europe can draw surprisingly different conclusions than Anglo-American works. This article compensates for this lack of research. The anonymity of war memorials in the Czech lands almost disappeared during the first half of the 19th century. We are looking for an explanation in the four main changes that took place at that time. Firstly, fundamental changes in society, secondly, evolving aesthetics reflected in war memorials, thirdly, a difference in the way of waging war, and finally, changings emotions towards the fallen, the homeland and family.
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Tombstones in the church of St. Jakub in Jihlava
VENCELIDES, Jan
The provided bachelor thesis examines the identification and delineation of the life stories of individuals commemorated at the end of the 18th century by gravestones located within the flooring of the parish church of St. James the Greater in Jihlava. The initial chapter provides a concise overview of the historical context of the royal upper town of Jihlava until the first half of the 18th century. This overview encompasses not only the political history of the town but also delves into aspects of administration and religious development. Subsequently, the thesis explores the history of the parish church of St. James the Greater in Jihlava, addressing both its external and internal features, furnishings, and significant events witnessed by St. James Church throughout its existence. The central segment of the thesis, drawing from the manuscript of Jan Jindřich Marzy, supplementary sources, and specialized literature, endeavors to reconstruct the life trajectories of 22 prominent Jihlava burgher families and other individuals associated with the sepulchral monuments within the interior of St. James Church.
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Several notes on the tombstones from the Early and beginning of the High Middle Ages
Podhorský, Jan
In the past, collective works gathering knowledge scattered in sources of various kinds and the publication of new researches as well as researches already closed but not yet published significantly contributed to the expansion of knowledge about tombstones from the Early and beginning of the High Middle Ages. From the territory of Bohemia and Moravia, 83 localities from 72 cadastral areas are already known with documented or probable finds of tombstones from the Early Middle Ages. An interesting and as yet unexplained phenomenon is the noticeably higher incidence of tombstones in Bohemia (72 localities) in comparison with the situation in the territory of Moravia (11 localities). Despite the growing number of newly discovered sites with finds of tombstones from the Early Middle Ages, some other aspects of the study of this phenomenon remain difficult to explain. Especially in relation to the continuation of their occurrence also at the beginning of the High Middle Ages, when the complication is mainly an insignificant manifestation of the funeral rite, on the basis of which a more accurate chronological classification would be possible. The question of the occurrence of undecorated tombstones in the High Middle Ages is resolved using the example of rather unique documents, which, however, manifest an uncertain chronological affiliation. On the other hand, the situation documented during research at Mariánská louka (Marian Meadow) in Děčín suggests that the use of undecorated tombstones may not have been unusual even in the 14th century. The described examples further address the possibilities of a rather exceptional use of tombstones in the milieu of the social elites, where, however, the potential of the preservation of tombstones in the primary position and their identification is complicated by frequent translations of the remains and construction interventions. A significant expansion of existing knowledge is provided by the current research of the defunct medieval burial ground in the locality of Nesvětice (cadastral district Libkovice u Mostu) dated preliminary to the 11th–13th centuries, where the largest collection of tombstones on our territory comes from. The significance of this research lies primarily in the scope of the researched area, where the number of exposed graves with tombstones sheds new light on the study of this component of the funeral rite.
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Epigraphica & Sepulcralia 12. Forum of epigraphical and sepulchral studies. The Proceedings of the 20th International Sessions on the Issue of Sepulchral Monuments, Prague 2-3 November 2021
Roháček, Jiří
The proceedings of the 20th international sessions on the issue of sepulchral monuments, which took place in Prague on 2–3 November 2021. These regular conferences, organized since 2000 by the Institute of Art History, Czech Academy of Sciences, are focused on sepulchral monuments as material artefacts of sepulchral culture and as works of art in the traditional sense of the word, with a factual or methodological relation to the Central European issues. However, they do not avoid themes, that more widely explain the context, in which these monuments were created and were functionally applied. The emphasis is placed on the nature of interdisciplinary expert meetings. Through their focus and periodicity, they are unique in a pan-European context. The series Epigraphica & Sepulcralia has been the publication forum of these sessions since 2005. The conference proceedings contain a total of eighteen papers. In addition to Czech and Moravian topics, traditionally, a significant share of the conference is devoted to foreign issues, specifically Polish and Slovak, and indirectly to other regions of Central Europe. The significant share of papers dealing with the reflection of sepulchral and epigraphic monuments in written sources, which allow a slightly different view of the issue, is highly positive.
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Epigraphica & Sepulcralia 11. Forum of epigraphical and sepulchral studies. The Proceedings of the 18th and 19th International Sessions on the Issue of Sepulchral monuments, Prague on 6-7 November 2019 and remotedly on 12-13 November 2020
Roháček, Jiří
The proceedings of the 18th and 19th international sessions on the issue of sepulchral monuments, which took place in Prague on 6 – 7 November 2019 and online on Zoom (due to the coronavirus epidemic) 12 – 13 November 2020. These regular conferences, organized since 2000 by the Institute of Art History, Czech Academy of Sciences, are focused on sepulchral monuments as material artefacts of sepulchral culture and as works of art in the traditional sense of the word, with a factual or methodological relation to the Central European issues. However, they do not avoid themes, that more widely explain the context, in which these monuments were created and were functionally applied. The emphasis is placed on the nature of interdisciplinary expert meetings. Since the 15th session in 2016, however, it has also started to take note of Jewish sepulchral monuments and, given the topicality of the topic, also Muslim ones, but still with a close connection to Central European issues. Through their focus and periodicity, they are unique in a pan-European context. The series Epigraphica & Sepulcralia has been the publication forum of these sessions since 2005. The conference proceedings bring a total of twenty contributions divided into unequal parts, one of which is devoted to Christian sepulchral monuments and the other to Jewish sepulchral monuments. In addition to Czech and Moravian themes, Slovak, Polish and Hungarian themes traditionally have a significant share.
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